فصلنامه فرهنگی - تربیتی زنان و خانواده
سال شانزدهم شماره 56 (پاییز 1400)

Undoubtedly, the lifestyle in the face of Iranian culture and society with Western and modern culture and attitudes has been transformed and seriously challenged, and since Iranian society is a religious, religion-oriented and God-centered society, it is necessary to pay attention to religious lifestyle. This research, based on the data strategy based on various qualitative researches, has designed a model for women's religious lifestyle based on the wills of 7 female martyrs. In addition to their important role in the family, these martyrs; They have been able to play an undeniable and effective role in advancing the goals of the sacred defense. After finding the concepts of wills and coding, the researcher categorizes them and finally designs the pattern. Findings indicate that this comprehensive model includes women's missions in individual and ideological fields such as attention to theology, self-knowledge, and resurrection with full emphasis on the development of individual morality and also women in marital relationships, communication with parents and children are responsible. The most important of them is turning the house into a center of love and trying to educate the righteous generation. Also, women in the field of domestic and foreign policy must have insight, know their enemy, and perform their duties towards the leader and the believers. Women are also responsible for the society and for the culture of the society, and while attending the scientific and cultural arenas, they must observe the requirements of their presence in the society, the most important of which is to be created according to Islamic customs and ethics.

The phenomenon of divorce can leave the source family of divorced people with many stress factors that result from an unforeseen transition. The aim of this study was to identify the stressors of parents of divorced women. In this research, qualitative method and interpretative phenomenological design were used. Participants in this study included 12 parents of divorced women who were interviewed between January 2020 and July 2020. Inclusion criteria are no remarriage, no children, At least six months have been passed since the divorce and the divorce must be performed officially. These individuals were selected by purposive sampling method based on snowball strategy. The data collection process was performed using semi-structured in-depth interviews and the data were analyzed using Dickelmann's seven-step method. The results indicate that there are 348 primary codes, 19 concepts and 7 main categories. These categories include: negative social feedback, questioning of parental role, helplessness in the success of marriage, poor psychological support, lack of marital unity, loss of rights, and chronic instability after divorce. The results of the present study indicate that parents are affected by multiple stress factors due to having a divorced daughter and the emergence of an unpredictable stage in the family life cycle.

Nowadays, due to the increasing growth of behavioral disorders in the field of psychology, the need to scientifically explore comprehensive and convincing theories that help more and more specialists in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders, seems more than necessary. In this regard, the purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of growing group counseling on depression from the perspective of the Qur'an and depression (Beck) in women. For this purpose, in a quasi-experimental study of pre-test-post-test with a control group of 30 married women aged 30 to 40 years who had primary school children in Tehran's 14th education district, randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Experiment and control were placed (15 in the experimental group and 15 in the control group). At the beginning and end of the study, the groups completed a questionnaire on depression from the perspective of the Qur'an ((Fayyaz, Sarmast, Bahrami Ehsan and Okhovat, 2015)and depression (Beck, 1996). Then, the experimental group underwent growth-oriented group counseling based on depressive indicators from the perspective of the Holy Quran for three months (12 sessions of 90 minutes). The results of analysis of covariance showed that the mean scores of depression (in both scales) as well as subscales of Quranic depression in the experimental group, in the post-test phase decreased significantly compared to the control group (p <0.0001). Significance of this effect on the experimental group was maintained in the quarterly follow-up phase. Thus, based on the above findings, it can be said that the development of group counseling based on the Holy Quran, all of which ultimately promote the level of growth and individual spirituality, can have positive and significant effects on mental health indicators such as depression and mood disorders.

The present study has analyzed the Interpretation of female students towards hijab and covering. Participants, 30 students of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, were interviewed semi-structured by phenomenological and Targeted sampling of "maximum varietion" type. The phrases expressed by them were divided into 568 concepts, 44 categories and 9 themes. Examining people's life experiences, the findings were placed in three main axes: "slip towards hijab", "flexibility towards hijab" and "value towards hijab". The three themes inferred in the first axis included insightful knowledge slippage, emotional psychological slip and educational-cultural slip and the themes of the second axis were sociocultural flexibility and minimal belief in hijab. The value of insightful knowledge, legal religious value, sociocultural value and valuable factors of hijab were also discovered as the four themes of the third axis. One of the most important findings in the group of slipping work was the attempt to combine religiosity and chastity with the uncovering of the hijab, and the effect of some individual and objective experiences in choosing the full hijab. Also, suggestions were made by the participants to expand the hijab.

Infidelity is very large and complex problems that result in devastating consequences and a large number of couples during their married life were exposed with this difficult. In this relation, negative assessments of stress and the couple's negative perception of events can moderate or facilitate infidelity consequences. So Be distress tolerance of marital infidelity are to be influenced by several factors. The aim of this study was to determine the role of perceived stress in the relationship between social support, psychological capital, and forgiveness with Distress tolerance in couples experiencing marital infidelity. The method of this study was correlation of structural equations modeling. The statistics Community of the study included all women and married men experiencing marital infidelity and referred to the family counseling centers in Tehran during the second half of 2019. Samples were among the 215 person that were selected with random cluster method. So they responded to the distress tolerance, forgiveness, perceived stress, psychological Capital and social support inventories. Collected Data were analyzed by using the SPSS-22 Software and Equation Structural Analysis (AMOS) was analyzed by calculating fitness indices. The results of the Index fitness, represents the proposed model was fit. The results of structural equation analysis in the final model showed the significance of direct path coefficients between social support, forgiveness and psychological capital, with distress tolerance. While by inter of stress perception into the model as a mediator weakened the coefficients, which indicates stress perception has a minor but modifying role of social support, forgiveness and psychological capital on distress tolerance. Because high stress and stress perception reduced the positive effect of predictor variables on distress tolerance. Based on these results, it can be said that in order to increase the tolerance of distress in couples with marital infidelity, the positive effect of social support, forgiveness and psychological capital can be facilitated by reducing their perception of stress.

Divorce is one of the most important social ills in society that has devastating and profound consequences in the short, medium and long term; It leaves a mark on the individual, the family and the community. Based on this, in the framework of meta-analysis of the country's priority injuries, this study has explored and summarized the factors affecting the damage of divorce based on the findings of research conducted in the last decade in Iran.Accordingly, in accordance with the nature of meta-analysis, after refining the identified studies during the years 2011 to 2018, finally, 36 studies were eligible for meta-analysis. Statistical findings of selected studies were analyzed using CMA2 software. The findings of the meta-analysis show that cultural and religious differences are directly related to the tendency to divorce. The average effect size in this hypothesis was 0.321. Also, the level of education with an average effect size of 0.317 has shown a direct effect on the tendency to divorce. In contrast, religiosity with an average effect size of -0.220 and the presence (number) of children with an average effect size of -0.352 have shown an inverse effect on the tendency to divorce. However, economic problems or variables have not shown any significant direct relationship with the tendency to divorce. The economic situation of the lower classes of society is a deterrent to divorce. As a result, economic problems in this group will increase the tendency to divorce. In contrast, in the upper classes of society, the better the economic situation, the higher the tendency to divorce. Therefore, it can be said that in upper and middle classes, the main issue, economics and livelihood, but cultural factors associated with developments in the values ​​and attitudes of society, including in the field of marriage, prioritization of the family and having a negative impression of divorce.

The purpose of present study was to investigate the effect of emotion-focused therapy based on interpersonal forgiveness concepts on decreasing  divorce tendency and increasing family cohesion in women who affected by marital infidelity. A pretest-posttest quasi-experimental study design using multiple single-case study method was used. 3 women who affected by marital infidelity of their husbands and referred to Ardakan social welfare emergency institute were selected by available sampling. Data gathered by divorce tendency scale (Rusbult & et al, 1986) and family adaptability & cohesion evaluation scale (Faces III) in 3 time point phase. The participants answered to the scales twice in baseline phase, then emotion-focused therapy was carried out in treatment phase during 10 sessions. Participants answered to the scales in 4th and 7th and final session of the intervention. After one month, as follow-up phase, participant also answered to the scales. The data were analyzed using visual analysis, improvement percentage and reliable change index. The findings showed that there were significant clinically and statistically improvements in the divorce tendency and family adaptability and cohesion after treatment (p<.05). After one months of follow-up, differences were also maintained, that indicates the sustainability of the therapeutic effects. Regarding the results, it can be concluded that emotion-focused intervention based on forgiveness concepts can be used to increase the family adaptability and cohesion and to reduce divorce tendency in women who affected by infidelity of their husbands.